education

Youth with gender dysphoria may be at increased risk for developing type 1 diabetes, a new observational study showed. The study of more than 2000 people aged 10 to 21 years at a single institution, published online November 22 in Pediatrics Diabetes by Santhi N. Logel, MD, and colleagues. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes among youth with gender dysphoria staggering nine times higher than in those without it. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes and youth identify as transgender, nonbinary, or broad gender / does not…

Effective COPD management plan includes four components: (1) assess and monitor disease; (2) reduce risk factors; (3) manage stable COPD; (4) manage exacerbations. The objectives of effective COPD management are to: Prevent disease progression Relieve symptoms Increase exercise tolerance Improving the health status Prevent and treat complications Preventing and treating exacerbations Reduce mortality These objectives should be achieved with minimal side effects from treatment, a…

A peptic ulcer is a legion in the mucosa lining of the stomach or small intestine, allowing gastric juices to come into contact with, and damage underlying tissues. Untreated or severe peptic ulcers may lead to perforation of the stomach and spilling of gastric juices into the abdominal cavity. Peptic Ulcers are prevalent in approximately 4% of the population1, with an estimated 10% of the population experiencing a peptic ulcer at some point in their life. In 2015 alone, over 87 million new cases were reported, resulting in…

Malaria is a relatively common condition caused by parasitic infection by the Plasmodium protozoans, generally acquired from the bite of a mosquito. The disease is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical regions, including much of Latin America and Asia, however, the vast majority of reported cases - approximately 90% - occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. The disease remains very prevalent in these regions with 216 million cases of malaria reported globally in 20161, resulting in an estimated 731,000…

We see them all the time in medical TV shows and movies, or if you've ever been unfortunate enough to land yourself in the emergency department of a hospital, you've likely seen the patient monitor screen, or the machine that's always beeping about something! But what do all the sounds and squiggly lines mean? In this article, we'll look at each of the body's vital signs and how they're interpreted through the patient monitor. First, it is important to understand that vitals signs form a cohesive picture of the vital…

Nurses come in all shapes and sizes, with wildly varied skills and specialities and differing levels of education and training. It is important for the practicing nurse to understand the differences between each level of nurse, and understand the associated level of education that nurse has received. Nurses have received increasing levels of continued education to fill gaps in the healthcare system, and alongside these continued training systems, new advanced practice roles have developed for the nurse to…

Traditionally, western medicine has been centred around the biomedical model and its underpinning philosophies to best determine a person’s health status. The biomedical model has allowed medicine to advance in leaps and bounds over recent decades, improving our understanding of the human body while also maintaining a superior standard of care through the evidence-based practice approach. Through this approach, we were able to isolate body systems and understand disease processes and how they impacted upon the individual…